Prévalence des anomales orthodontiques chez une population de lycéens casablancais (14, 18ans)

L'épidémiologie de la malocclusion et l'évaluation des besoins en traitements orthodontiques sont d'une grande importance. La malocclusion trouve sa grande présence parmi les pathologies orales ; elle est classée troisième après la carie dentaire et la maladie parodontale. Notre étude a eu pour objectif de déterminer la prévalence des anomalies orthodontiques chez une population d'adolescents Casablancais et de dresser les éventuelles associations entre les différentes malocclusions selon les variables âge, sexe et niveau socio- économique. 2183 lycéens âgés de 14 à 18 ans issus de deux lycées Casablancais, tirés au hasard et situés dans deux régions socio économiquement différentes ont été examinés. 81,17% des lycéens examinés ont présenté au moins une malocclusion avec une prédominance de la Classe 1 d'Angle. IMPLICATIONS CLINIQUES: 81,17% des lycéens examinés, au Grand Casablanca ,ont présenté au moins une malocclusion justifiant un besoin important en termes de soins orthodontiques au sein de cette population

Analyzing dental arch shape in untreated orthodontic patients with anterior arch crowding

Objective: Crowding of the dentition results in distortion of the arch form and orthodontic treatment unravels the crowding based on the shape of the wire of arch form utilized. Alteration of an existing arch form with the wrong arch wire and biomechanics may result in unstable results. Selection of the appropriate arch wire shape based on the patient's original arch form results in a finished orthodontic treatment which is aesthetically pleasing, preserves the shape and function, with long term stability of the finished case. The objective of the study was to analyze the dental arch shape in untreated orthodontic patients with anterior arch crowding. Methods: Dental casts of 100 untreated orthodontic patients with anterior arch crowding of both the maxilla and mandible were selected and classified using Angles method. Crowding was described as mild, moderate, severe and very severe using the index described by Little. The Occlusal plane was outlined for both jaws using brass wire adapted with sticky wax along the buccal cusps of the posterior teeth on one side of the arch through the incisal edges of the anterior teeth to the buccal cusps of the posterior teeth on the other side of the arch. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 22.0 software. All data was expressed as frequencies, percentages and means. The results were presented using frequency tables. Results: Upper arch shapes were identified as square in 58(58%), tapered in 18(18%) and ovoid in 24 (24%). Lower arch shapes were square in 60(60%), tapered in 36 (36%) and ovoid in 4(4%). Anterior arch crowding was seen in both arches as mild in 68(68%), moderate in 17(17%), severe in 9(9%) and very severe in 6(6%). The highest prevalence of anterior crowding was seen in the mild variant and in the square shape in both the upper and lower arch forms in 43 (63.2%), respectively. The tapered arch form was not demonstrated in the very severely crowded upper arch, while the ovoid arch form in the lower arch was not evident in the severe and very severe variant of crowding. This was however not statistically significant. Conclusion: The square arch form is most prevalent in cases of upper and lower crowding

Tooth size discrepancy in different malocclusion groups in Libya: a pilot study

Background: Orthodontists need to evaluate intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (TSD) prior to initiating treatment in order to achieve a stable treatment. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of TSD in Libyan subjects among different malocclusion groups. Methods: A sample of 60 dental casts of Libyan subjects with different types of malocclusions (Class I, Class II div 1 and Class III) were included in the study. Each malocclusion group (20 dental casts) included equal numbers of males and females, 12-17 years of age. Mesio-Distal tooth measurements were extracted to compute the anterior and overall TSD ratios. Paired Student t-test was used to detect significant discrepancies between the paired teeth measurements. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Honestly tests were undertaken to detect significant discrepancies among the malocclusion groups. Results: Paired t-test revealed that there were no significant discrepancies between the paired tooth widths except for the upper first molars, upper first premolars, lower lateral incisors and lower canines (P<0.010). ANOVA found no significant differences in the mean anterior TSD ratio in regard to malocclusion groups. However, a significant disparity was noticed in the mean overall TSD ratio among the different malocclusion categories (P<0.04). Conclusion: Statistically significant TSD between the examined malocclusion groups were observed only in the mean overall TSD ratio

Impact des malocclusions sur la qualité de vie en lien avec la santé bucco-dentaire chez les patients nécessitant un traitement orthodontique

Objectif : Il y a une augmentation globale du besoin et de la demande de traitement orthodontique. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer l'impact de la malocclusion sur la qualité de vie en lien avec la santé buccodentaire chez les patients souhaitant un traitement orthodontique. Matériels et méthodes : Soixante et un patients nécessitant un traitement orthodontique ont complété le questionnaire OHRQoL (Oral Health Related Quality of Life) version anglaise et le questionnaire sur l'impact psychosocial de l'esthétique dentaire (PIDAQ). Les moyennes et écarts-types pour la population d'étude ont été déterminés pour l'ensemble du OHRQoL-UK et du PIDAQ en utilisant des statistiques non-paramétriques avec un niveau de significativité P < 0,05. La corrélation entre les scores globaux et sous-échelles de la qualité de vie faite en utilisant le OHRQoL-UK, le PIDAQ et l'indice esthético-dentaire (DAI) respectivement, a été analysée par la corrélation de Spearman. Résultats : L'augmentation des scores moyens PIDAQ différait significativement avec les grades plus élevés de DAI. Des corrélations faibles à modérées significatives existaient entre les scores globaux des PIDAQ, des SI et des sous-échelles AC et DAI (p ≤ 0,01). Il y avait une faible corrélation négative entre l'ensemble des OHRQoL-UK et des PIDAQ qui était significative (r = -0,27, p < 0,05). Une faible corrélation négative significative a été observée entre les sous-échelles psychologique et sociale de OHRQoL-UK et de PIDAQ (p < 0,05).Conclusion : Au fur et à mesure que la gravité de la malocclusion augmentait, l'impact sur OHRQoL devenait plus important tant sur OHRQoL-UK que sur PIDAQ. Une relation faible existe entre OHRQoL-UK et PIDAQ, par conséquent, ces instruments devraient être utilisés pour se compléter

Pattern of Dental Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients in Rwanda: a Retrospective Hospital Based Study

Background: Dental malocclusion is present in all societies but its prevalence varies. Identifying occlusal problems; their incidence and the need for treatment can help to determine the appropriate awareness plans; preventive and interceptive treatment and manpower needed in orthodontics. There is no study of such kind to evaluate the pattern of malocclusion in Rwandese population. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze and to provide quantitative information on the pattern of dental malocclusion among orthodontic population in Rwanda. Methods: Various parameters retrieved from patients' records of 243 selected patients with dental malocclusion who visited Dental Department of King Faisal Hospital; Rwanda; during the period of January 2009 to July 2012 were analyzed in this retrospective study. Chi-square test was used to find the gender difference at p 0.05. Results: Angle's Class I malocclusion was found to be the most common malocclusion with 60.9 followed by 28.8 Angle's class II and 10.3 Angle's class III. Increased crowding (71.2 ) was the most common problem; followed by increased overjet; deep bite and anterior open bite in that order. No significant gender differences were found except in deep bite. Conclusion: The results give a pattern of malocclusion in orthodontic patients and may provide a base line data for planning awareness programs; preventive and interceptive orthodontic services et the future studies. There is a strong need of multicentric; epidemiological survey to find out the prevalence et causes of malocclusion in Rwandese population

Knowledge of orthodontics as a dental specialty: a preliminary survey among LASUCOM students

"Awareness of malocclusion and the need to make corrections has increasingly becomes prevalent among our population. However; very few patients have presented in the orthodontic clinics with referrals from medical practitioners; an indication that the primary caregivers may be deficient in the knowledge of orthodontic practice. Objective: To assess the knowledge of orthodontics and the awareness of the effects of malocclusion on the general well-being; among medical students at the Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 85 medical students in the institution participated in the study. Data entry and analysis was done using Epi info version 3.5. Frequency counts were generated for all variables and measures of central tendency for numerical variables. Results: All participants were medical students. Majority (75.3) were in their clinical years while 24.7were in their preclinical years. Only 45.9of the respondents had heard of the term ""orthodontics"" and only 20 correctly answered that orthodontics involves malocclusion and its management. Concerning the treatment procedures used in orthodontic clinics; 54.1of them selected rearrangement of teeth. When asked to identify the appliances used in orthodontics; 49.4 selected dentures; 40 selected removable appliances; and 57.7selected braces. Most of the respondents (81.2) agreed that as medical doctors they would refer patients for orthodontic care; while 3.5 were undecided and 15.3 disagreed. Conclusion: The medical students surveyed had limited knowledge of orthodontics as a specialty and also knew very little about the impact of malocclusion on the well-being of the individual. They would; therefore; benefit from basic education in orthodontics to stimulate their interest in the specialty and improve their ability to refer patients appropriately."

Malocclusion and its impact on quality of life of school children in Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Malocclusion, though not life-threatening,is an important public health issue, which has a large impacton the individual, causing discomfort, social and functionallimitations.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate objectively orthodontic treatment needsin Nigerian schoolchildren and the impact of malocclusion ontheir quality of life.METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved schoolchildrenaged 12 to 16 years from four randomly selected secondaryschools in Lagos, Nigeria. A prestructured questionnaire wasadministered and a clinical examination was conducted.Occlusal status was assessed for each subject using the DentalAesthetic Index (DAI). Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was also evaluated.RESULTS: There were 410 (50.9%) females and 395 (49.1%)males aged 12 to 16 years. Mean age was 14.5 ± 1.3 years.Irregularity of teeth was the most prevalent malocclusion.Generalised spacing and midline diastema were seen in 59%and 31% respectively; crowding in 43% of the schoolchildren.Other occlusal anomalies were recorded. There was nostatistically significant difference between the sexes. Over onethird of the study population did not need treatment, treatmentwas mandatory in 24.3%, elective in 21% and highly desirablein 17%. More females than males did not need orthodontictreatment. Oral conditions had no effect on the quality of life of85.3% of the study sample.CONCLUSION: Most Nigerian schoolchildren were found tohave a dental appearance that needed orthodontic treatment.However, components of the oral conditions impacted on thequality of life of a few subjects. Psycho-social need is veryimportant in orthodontic diagnosis. WAJM 2010; 29(6): 417­424

High frequency of retained teeth in children in Seychelles

The authors examined a series of 400 children from different dental clinics of the island; aged 9 to 14 years; who were referred for malocclusion to the Orthodontic service. They found that a large proportion of children (25 per cent) had to be referred for orthodontic treatment. The most frequently retained teeth were the second superior and inferior premolars. They recommend (1) to increase the necessary conservation of the primary molars in the dental arch; (2) to maintain the space in the case of premature loss due to whatever reason; (3) to re-establish the contact points to prevent loss of the dental arch length; and (4) to promote proper institutional procedures for dental surveillance and prevention in children

The nature of malocclusions of patients attending orthodontic department of the University of Nairobi: a retrospective study

The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution and proportion of malocclusions among patients aged 6-18 years who attended the orthodontics department of the University of Nairobi between 1984 and 1987 and to find out whether the distribution of various types of malocclusions was related to age and sex of the patients. Results showed that there were more males (52.4 per cent) who attended the orthodontics clinic than females (47.6 per cent). Angle's class 1 malacclusion was more common than other types of malocclusions. Angle's 2 division 2 was the least encountered malocclusion. 13-18 years old tended to have a slightly higher prevalence of class 2 division 2 malocclusion than the 6-12 years old. There were no significant sex differences in the distribution of different types of malocclusions. Anterior crowding was the highest (88.9 per cent) in both sexes while crowding in the posterior segment was least encountered. There were no significant sex differences in the prevalence of overbite and overjet. It was concluded that the distribution and types of malocclusions among the 6-18 years old kenyans reflected the general pattern of malocclusion in many parts of Africa

Prevalence des dysmorphoses orthodontiques a Casablanca (Maroc)

Le but de la presente etude est la determination de la prevalence des malocclusions en milieu scolaire a Casablanca; au Maroc. Notre echantillon etait compose de 1073 enfants d'origine marocaine ages de 11 a 17 ans. La methode d'enregistrement des malocclusions a ete mise au point par l'OMS et la FDI. La frequence des dents permanentes absentes est elevee (20 pour cent). 22;75 pour cent des sujets examines presentent un encombrement anterieur mandibulaire. Les rapports molaires anteroposterieurs selon la classification d'angle s'etablissent comme suit: classe I; 80;47 pour cent; classe II; 6;54 pour cent; classe III; 6;95 pour cent. La plupart des auteurs admettent que les malocclusions sont en general moins frequentes chez les Africains et les Arabes que chez les Europeens

Enquete epidemiologique des malocclusions en milieu scolaire primaire en Abidjan

Cet article presente un travail essentiellement destine a fournir un bilan objectif des conditions occlusiales telles qu'elles se presentent dans une population scolaire primaire de la ville d'Abidjan. L'enquete a ete realisee sur 823 enfants; filles et garcons de 3 a 9 ans. Les variables morphologiques retenues sont celles de la fiche de l'OMS. Contrairement a l'opinion generalement repandue; le bilan des deviations occlusales chez l'enfant africain est loin d'etre insignifiant; bien que moins lourd que celui observe dans les pays d'Europe : 35;4 pour cent sont justiciables d'un traitement orthodontique pour retablir une occlusion morphologiquement acceptable. Les particularites constatees et qui concernent les relations des molaires temporaires en normocclusion; sont propres a la race de la population examinee; a son cadre; son environnement et son comportement particulier